This page lists all five Map Data Nodes in the game. Each one will unlock their respective zone on the World Map, giving it more detail, and by extension make navigating that zone much easier.
Ogden's Retreat, The Wilds, Mochi's Manor, and Nimble Valley do not have their own map and The Ranch is already filled in on the map, so none of these locations have a node to find.
The Dry Reef
The Moss Blanket
While the Jetpack isn't necessary as there are footholds up to it, having the upgrade makes it easier to get to.
The Indigo Quarry
The Ancient Ruins
The Glass Desert